新規にディスクをぶっ刺した上で、OS上で認識されているディスクのラベルを探します
root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# fdisk -l Disk /dev/loop0: 54.9 MiB, 57532416 bytes, 112368 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop1: 89.1 MiB, 93417472 bytes, 182456 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/loop2: 89.1 MiB, 93429760 bytes, 182480 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/sda: 836.6 GiB, 898319253504 bytes, 1754529792 sectors Disk model: RAID 5/6 SAS 6G Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: A0B1AE4D-C4FF-4FDB-90F1-53AD283B479A Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System /dev/sda2 1050624 2549759 1499136 732M Linux filesystem /dev/sda3 2549760 1754527743 1751977984 835.4G Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 1999844147200 bytes, 3905945600 sectors Disk model: RAID 5/6 SAS 6G Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/dell--vg-root: 834.5 GiB, 895974637568 bytes, 1749950464 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/dell--vg-swap_1: 976 MiB, 1023410176 bytes, 1998848 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
新しく追加したディスクは、容量から察するに/dev/sdbということがわかります。Disk model: RAID 5/6 SAS 6Gと書いてある理由は謎です。Raid1のはずですが。しかも、OSには隠蔽されているはずなのに。一元的にRaidコントローラが表示してしまっているだけなのかもしれません。
partedでパーティションを切っておきます。
パーティション単位ではなく、ディスク自体をPhysical Volumeとして追加できるのですが、ぶっ壊れたときに復元しやすくなるはずなので、パーティションを作ります。
root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 3.2 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mkpart primary 0 Error: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk label (parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted (parted)
Ubuntu 19で作られるVGはGPT対応で作られているようなので、新しいディスクもGPT対応にしておきます。
(parted) mklabel gpt
では、パーティションを作成します。パーセントで表記したほうが確実です。
(parted) mkpart Partition name? []? File system type? [ext2]? Start? 0% End? 100% (parted) p Model: LSI RAID 5/6 SAS 6G (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1999844MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.05MB 1999843MB 1999842MB ext2 (parted)
物理ディスクは準備できたので、次はLVMの設定。まず、Phisical Volumeを作ります。
root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1. Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda3 dell-vg lvm2 a-- <835.41g 12.00m /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- <1.82t <1.82t
次に、Logical Volumeを作ります。
root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# vgcreate data-vg /dev/sdb1 Volume group "data-vg" successfully created root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name dell-vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <835.41 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 213864 Alloc PE / Size 213861 / 835.39 GiB Free PE / Size 3 / 12.00 MiB VG UUID jqTTRM-hZOZ-uT9x-9ke5-bAuw-78dI-RI3xZf --- Volume group --- VG Name data-vg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <1.82 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 476799 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 476799 / <1.82 TiB VG UUID NUtldx-SilL-6GHG-9eAZ-5rdN-oPxr-6XlhmK
Logical Volumeを作ります。
# lvcreate -n data -l 100%FREE data-vg
次に、フォーマット。他のパーティションがext4なので、それに続きます。
root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# mkfs.ext4 /dev/data-vg/data mke2fs 1.44.6 (5-Mar-2019) Creating filesystem with 488242176 4k blocks and 122060800 inodes Filesystem UUID: eb6cb760-73e3-4fd0-8453-66383c3ac4b9 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (262144 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# mkdir /mnt/data root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# mount /dev/data-vg/data /mnt/data root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os# df -h|grep data /dev/mapper/data--vg-data 1.8T 77M 1.7T 1% /mnt/data root@dell ~/a/storcli_all_os#
一応ベンチマーク。SATAのraid10がdata。SASのRaid5 2台に比べると4倍くらい遅い。SATA遅すぎ。デスクトップワークステーションを買うならSASがよさげ。
root@dell ~# hdparm -t /dev/mapper/data--vg-data /dev/mapper/data--vg-data: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0d 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Timing buffered disk reads: 684 MB in 3.00 seconds = 227.99 MB/sec root@dell ~# hdparm -t /dev/mapper/dell--vg-root /dev/mapper/dell--vg-root: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0d 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Timing buffered disk reads: 1636 MB in 3.00 seconds = 545.06 MB/sec
独り言
物理ハードディスクから、OSでディスクを扱うまでに抽象化がたくさん入っていて設定が面倒！昔は物理ディスクをそのままマウントしていたのに。そのぶん、自由度は高いですがね。まとめると以下。
- 物理ディスク
- Raidコントローラによる物理ディスクの仮想化
- OSによるPhysical Volumeによる仮想化
- OSによるLogical Volumeによる仮想化
- OSによってLogical Volumeのマウント
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